1. While registering the individual on Business Partner Registration, enter the SSN and then check the box. Check if SSN is used as TIN for Sole Proprietor and click Submit (If you are already registered and want to use the SSN as TIN for sole proprietor, you have to contact PPSD to make the changes through data script).
2. When the registration page come up, put in the Trust name in Company Name field and complete all required fields (Legal Structure-sole proprietor and Type of ownership-profit motivated are automatically selected on this page)

• On the APPS home page, Select Create Submission from the Submission Processing drop down list and click on the Go button.
• Enter the SSN and check the box Check if SSN is used as Trust submission and Click on the Submit button.
• Enter all mandatory contact information
• On the Edit Organization Structure page, click on the Add Principal button.
• Enter the same SSN and Click on the Search button.
• On the Add Principal page, fill in all the required fields and click on the Save button (Continue to add more principal if applicable).
• Complete the baseline submission process.

New HUD initiative, Innovation of the Day (IOD) IOD is a new online platform that will collect and share innovative practices in affordable housing, community development, and urban planning from around the world. Its purpose is to seek new and bold ideas to stimulate uncommon solutions to our everyday problems. These ideas can be leveraged not only within HUD, but among other agencies, communities, philanthropic organizations, and non-profit agencies.

Anyone can submit an idea (for example: HUD staff, local governments, communities, multi-lateral organizations, non-profits, foundations, philanthropic organizations, national trade associations, state housing financing agencies, private companies, and the public). We need the help of innovative, connected people like you to identify potential submissions! The innovators with the most promising ideas from each region will be invited to Washington, D.C. in early 2013 for our first ever Innovation Summit. Learn more and submit ideas

Looking for best practices for making apartments smoke free and comments on smoke-free housing policies (www.gpo.gov/fdsyshttp:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-11-23/pdf/2012-28519.pdf) Deadline extended to January 22, 2013. In response to recent requests for additional time to submit public comments, HUD is reopening the public comment period for an additional 60-days.

Info on comments (www.federalregister.gov/articles/2012/11/23/2012-28519/request-for-information-on-adopting-smoke-free-policies-in-public-housing-agencies-phas-and) or mail to: Office of General Counsel, Regulations Division, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street SW., Room 10276, Washington, DC, 20410–0001, referencing Docket No. FR–5597–N–01, Request for Information on Adopting Smoke-Free Policies in PHAs and Multifamily Housing.

System for Award Management (SAM) now LIVE (http://sam.gov).

Two key points for users registering DUNS in SAM: 1) CCR no longer exists, and 2) SAM has replaced CCR.

SAM went live July 29, 2012. If you had an account in CCR, all your information is now in SAM -- but your CCR login info will not work in SAM. Unless you opted out of the public search, you should be able to see your record by logging into SAM (http://sam.gov) and doing a public search on your DUNS.

Unless a change in your business circumstances requires a change in order for you to be paid, or to be awarded a contract or a grant, you should not have to update your records right away (check your expiration date). If you need to update/renew/change your record, start at http://sam.gov, click on Create an Account, and follow the prompts to create an individual account and migrate your records/roles from CCR with the migration roles document. Then, log in, click on Register/Update Entity, find your record in the Complete Registrations section and begin your update. The updating or renewing document provides instructions. These documents are on the Help tab of sam.gov.

If you have problems, submit a ticket via the SAM help desk, the Federal Service Desk (FSD (http://fsd.gov)). It is recommended you do so online, rather than wait on the phone on hold. If you don't have an account with FSD already, you'll need to create one on the "Your Account" page in order to submit a ticket. SAM is completely free, both to register and to use.

Further Encouragement for Owners/Agents (O/As) to Adopt Optional Smoke-Free Housing Policies. This Notice re-issues Housing Notice 2010-21 and further encourages owners and management agents participating in one of Multifamily Housing rental assistance programs to adopt smoke-free housing policies.

Affordable Green Initiative deadline extended to November 30th (http://spi.force.com/hud)
Register now for free training through the HUD Green Academy
And Apply today for Green Affordable Housing Technical Assistance through HUD's new Affordable Green Initiative (http://spi.force.com/hud).

HUD's Affordable Green Initiative is a new, pilot program to support HUD grantees and affordable housing organizations in achieving portfolio-wide improvements. The vision of the initiative is to enable organizations to institutionalize sustainability and achieve higher levels of performance of the management of their housing portfolios. Comprehensive support through training, technical assistance and accreditation is completely subsidized by HUD and free to all participants.

HUD Green Academy Training

The comprehensive Green Academy Training Program is to build the capacity of organizations to promote and facilitate energy efficiency and green practices across the spectrum of HUD's affordable housing programs. These trainings are being rolled out in up to 19 locations between October 2012 and February 2013. Courses, include 1) Introduction to Green Building for Affordable Housing; 2) Executive Decision Making; 3) Best Practices for Green Building Operations; 4) Financing Green Building; and 5) Energy Performance Contracting for Small PHAs. Registration is now open for various locations. Please find the locations currently being offered in the attached flyer. Registration for the courses is on-line (www.sustainable-performance.org/HUDGreenAcad).

Green Organizational Accreditation

• The Green Organizational Accreditation pilot program supports HUD grantees and affordable housing organizations in achieving portfolio-wide improvements. The vision of this initiative is to enable organizations to institutionalize sustainability and achieve higher levels of performance of the management of their housing portfolios.
• Accreditation will differentiate organizations that seek to implement green building and operational best practices, build capacity of staff, track and measure building performance effectively over time, realize significant improvements in health and energy efficiency, and achieve exemplary cost savings. Registration (http://http://spi.force.com/hud) for accreditation will open on November 8, 2012.

Green Affordable Housing Technical Assistance (TA) Corps

• HUD has established a Green Affordable Housing Technical Assistance (TA) Corps of experts on energy efficiency and green building to deliver direct technical assistance to HUD stakeholders to incorporate green building and energy efficiency practices in their daily operations and maintenance, new construction, rehabilitation, and retrofit projects.
• Green Technical Assistance Services will be offered in the following general categories: Diagnostic Assessments/Measurement & Verification; Green Design, Specifications/Construction Review; Green Operations and Management (O&M); Energy Performance Contracting for PHAs and Multifamily Property Owners; Financing; and Renewable Energy. The Technical Assistance Online request form (http://spi.force.com/hud) will be available from October 29 - November 30, 2012. All technical assistance for approved applicants must be completed by March 2013.

HUD Green Academy Boise
February 4 - 8, 2013. Registration is now open for HUD's Green Academy in Boise, Idaho, February 4 - 8, 2013. HUD's Green Academy is an exciting pilot initiative that offers green building training to HUD grantees and other affordable housing organizations. Attached, please find further information, including course descriptions and training dates/times. For more information or to register (www.sustainable-performance.org/HUDGreenAcad).

You should attend HUD's Green Academy if you are interested in learning how to:

• Make your affordable housing portfolio sustainable;
• Reduce operating expenses while preserving water and energy;
• Finance green and energy efficient improvements; and,
• Achieve healthier, safer and more efficient buildings.

If you don't have the front end capital to complete energy projects you may want to consider an energy performance contract. EPCs can be done with third party financing. Don't miss this opportunity to learn how energy performance contracting works from a national expert during the EPC course.

The following courses are being offered:
Introduction to Green Building for Affordable Housing (1 ½ days)
Monday Feb 4, 2013 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM & Tuesday Feb 5, 2013 8:30 Am - noon
Executive Decision Making (½ day)
Tuesday Feb 5, 2013 1:00 - 4:30 PM
Best Practices for Green Building Operations & Maintenance (1 day)
Wednesday Feb 6, 2013 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM
Financing Green Building (1 day)
Thursday Feb 7, 2013 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM
Energy Performance Contracting for Small PHAs (1 day)
Friday Feb 8, 2013 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM

For HUD's Green Academy in Boise, all training will take place at 720 Park Boulevard, WGI Auditorium, Boise, ID 83712.

Please note: there is limited space available for training. Please do not make travel arrangements until you receive confirmation.
For more information (www.sustainable-performance.org/HUDGreenAcad).

Insurance Termination Request for Multifamily Mortgage
New form HUD 9807, Insurance Termination Request for Multifamily Mortgage, effective 10/2012. Refer to page two, Directions, to ensure timely processing of the prepayment request. HUD strongly encourages all projects coming in for FHA refinance to obtain prepayment approval prior to the submission of the loan package

Sustaining Our Investments (SOI). Sustaining Our Investments (SOI) is the Department of Housing and Urban Development's response to the changing multifamily housing market.

This initiative will help build our internal capabilities and provide clarity to our staff on how we will prioritize workloads in our multifamily asset management responsibilities. New tools are being introduced to classify the different risks to our portfolio and identify where the most immediate attention is needed.

Over the next eight weeks, project managers will be participating in four, one-half day learning forums and several one hour follow-up sessions. Although they may not be able to respond to your requests /calls the same day due to the training schedules, in the long run, this will benefit you as property owners and agents. Project managers will be able to focus on high priority properties and assist owners and agents in addressing the risks and root causes of the problems. Addressing the problems earlier rather than later will reduce delinquencies, defaults, and claims on the insurance fund. We look forward to continuing the partnership that we have had and anticipate even better communication and responsiveness in the future.

2013 Operating Cost Adjustment Factors (OCAFs) Published (www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-10-16/pdf/2012-25289.pdf). These factors are used for adjusting or establishing Section 8 rents under the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act of 1997 (MAHRA), as amended, for projects assisted with Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments. The factors are effective February 11, 2013.

Reminder for HUD and PBCA offices processing rent increases using Auto OCAF: Once the 2013 Factors are updated in iREMS, please delete any Amend Rents record effective 02/11/2013 and beyond that was created either automatically or manually with the old 2012 Factor. A new record will automatically generate with the new 2013 Factor.

Social Security Announces 1.7 Percent Benefit Increase for 2013 (http://ssa.gov/pressoffice/pr/2013cola-pr.html) Monthly Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits for nearly 62 million Americans will increase 1.7 percent in 2013. The 1.7 percent cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) will begin with benefits that more than 56 million Social Security beneficiaries receive in January 2013. Increased payments to more than 8 million SSI beneficiaries will begin on December 31, 2012. Some other changes that take effect in January of each year are based on the increase in average wages. Based on that increase, the maximum amount of earnings subject to the Social Security tax (taxable maximum) will increase to $113,700 from $110,100. Of the estimated 163 million workers who will pay Social Security taxes in 2013, nearly 10 million will pay higher taxes as a result of the increase in the taxable maximum.

Information about Medicare changes for 2013, when announced, will be available (http://ssa.gov/pressoffice/pr/2013cola-pr.html). For some beneficiaries, their Social Security increase may be partially or completely offset by increases in Medicare premiums. The Social Security Act provides for how the COLA is calculated. To read more, please visit website (http://www.socialsecurity.gov/cola). COLA Fact Sheet (http://www.ssa.gov/pressoffice/factsheets/colafacts2013.htm).

• Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC): 4% LIHTCs are typically available in most areas, and can often increase the amount of rehab that can be undertaken by 20% or more. A PHA can also earn up to a 15% developer fee and a 4-6% property management fee if it is assuming these roles. Beyond ensuring full funding of replacement reserves, LIHTC deals can often generate cash flow and/or the ability to service subordinated debt.
• Operating Reserves: PHAs can also readily tap their operating reserves to help meet a capital need or fund replacement reserves. Replacement Housing Factor (RHF) Funds: PHAs may contribute current RHF funds to a project's financing structure, or they may capitalize the remaining RHF funding stream. RAD may be particularly opportune if your PHA is having difficulty obligating RHF funds because of other development challenges.

Physical Condition Assessment (PCA) Tool: HUD has also posted the RAD PCA tool. As indicated in PIH Notice 2012-32, all RAD awardees must use this PCA, or a substantially equivalent standard, approved in advance in writing by HUD. As a reminder, the RAD PCA is not required at the time of application, but successful applications must be complete and submit the PCA within 90 days of CHAP issuance. By providing it today, applicants and their lenders/investors can begin to become familiar with the PCA and its requirements, and can begin to identify qualified contractors they might engage to do this work.

Important notes regarding the RAD PCA:

1. There are three files associated with the RAD PCA: the Excel-based PCA tool, the Statement of Work, and Exhibits to the Statement of Work. Please be sure to download and utilize all three.
2. This RAD PCA is MAP-compliant. This one PCA form satisfies the lender and the RAD processing team.
3. The completed RAD PCA is not due at the time of RAD application, but is due to HUD within 90 days of CHAP issuance for successful applicants.
4. Training materials on the RAD PCA will be sent out. Questions (rad@hud.gov)?

1. RAD Forum - San Francisco, Friday, August 17, 2012 1:30-3:00pm. Join HUD staff, public housing agencies, eligible property owners, lenders, and other interested stakeholders for this timely information exchange to assess whether RAD could be a resource to financially reposition your properties.
   
   HUD Region IX Office
   600 Harrison Street,
   3rd Floor
   San Francisco, CA
   1:30-3:00pm Please RSVP Virginia Garrigan (virginia.l.garrigan@hud.gov).
   
   
2. Implementing RAD Webinar open to the public: New Preservation Tools for Communities, Wednesday, August 22, 2012 1:30-2:30pm EST The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC), in conjunction with HUD, invites you to a webinar on HUD's new RAD program. Join HUD staff and affordable housing stakeholders for a discussion of how RAD can be implemented to preserve the affordable housing stock in your community. For more information and to register (https://cc.readytalk.com/cc/s/showReg?udc=iid0qos8m06x).



3. This event is RAD Forum – Washington, DC, Thursday, August 23, 2012 2:00-4:00pm. Join HUD senior staff, PHAs, owners, lenders, investors, and other interested practitioners and stakeholders at HUD Headquarters on August 23, 2012 for a panel discussion and Q&A session oriented to executing RAD conversions of assistance for public housing, Rent Supp, RAP, and Mod Rehab properties. Register. Please register by August 21th as seating is limited. If you are unable to attend in person, join us online through the live webcast.
   
   HUD Headquarters
   451 7th St SW, Brooke-Mondale Auditorium
   Washington, DC
   2:00-4:00pm.
   
   
4. Region IV Mixed-Finance/RAD Workshop – Panama City, FL, Wednesday, August 29-Thursday, August 30, 2012. The Southeast PIH Network, in conjunction with Enterprise Community Partners (ECP) and Alabama Association of Housing and Redevelopment Authorities, is hosting a Mixed Finance and Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) Workshop for public housing agencies, modernization coordinators, engineers and architects, and affordable housing industry partners. The first day of the Mixed Finance and RAD Workshop will focus on Real Estate Finance for beginners and Tax Credit 101 for PHAs. The first day will also have a session for PHAs on how to negotiate a development partnership. The second day is targeted for PHAs, developers, and finance partners and will focus on leveraging HUD and other resources, RAD Notice PIH-2012-18, acquiring 4% and 9% tax credit financing, and packaging Public Housing deals with detailed examples using different partnership structures and varied financing options. Registration is free but each participant will need to register. Seating is limited. This event is targeted for Public Housing Agencies Staff, PHA Commissioners, Developers, PHA Modernization Coordinators, Enterprise Community Partners, and private organizations that provide financial related services and products. Register. Seating is limited.
   
   Edgewater Conference Center
   11212 Front Beach Road
   Panama City, FL 32407
   Phone: (855) 874-8686
   August 29, 1:00pm – August 30, 5:00pm
   
   
5. Making a RAD Deal Work – Chicago, IL, Thursday, September 6-Friday, September 7, 2012. Join HUD staff, CLPHA, Enterprise Community Investment, Inc., and the National Equity Fund, Inc. for a training workshop for housing authorities interested in applying for RAD. The workshop will include time to discuss individual deals with lenders, syndicators, and HUD. Topics that will be covered include: assessing your portfolio; choosing your development team; legal/organizational structures of the ownership entity; laying the groundwork for financing; financing options; and other sources of financing. Housing authorities with all levels of experience in owning, developing or managing public and affordable housing are welcome to join with financing experts in this two-day workshop. There will be a reception for all workshop attendees on Thursday evening. Email any questions to rad@hud.gov and check the RAD website frequently for further updates. Thank you for your continued support and interest.
   
   120 S. Riverside Plaza, 18th Floor
   Chicago, IL
   September 6, 12:00pm – September 7, 12:30pm
   Information (www.clpha.org/rad_training). Register (www.clpha.org/survey/RAD) by Friday, August 31. Registration free for housing authorities.
   
   
6. Kentucky Housing Association Annual Conference – Louisville, KY
   Monday, September 17, 2012 1:30-4:00pm
   Greg Byrne of HUD HQ will give updates on the RAD conversion request process, the competitive housing authority application process, and other topics in the first round of RAD conversions. Register (www.kyhousingassn.com/2012%20Registration%20Form.pdf).
   
   Louisville Marriott Downtown
   280 West Jefferson Street
   Louisville, KY
   September 17, 2012 1:30-4:00pm

1. After hitting "send to HUD" with your e-2530 submission, print the 2530 Submission Package and obtain signatures, just as before.
2. Scan the signed package into a pdf, saving the document with the APPS Submission ID# in the file name.
3. The Coordinator should log back into APPS and use the "Upload Signed 2530 Submission Package" to upload the file. Select the radio button for the submission you are uploading the package for and then complete the upload process.
4. If your e-2530 was for an Organization Change, there is one more step. Identify the HUD Headquarters Contact (found in the margin at the APPS Home page) and send an email letting HUD know that you have uploaded the pdf. (Last step is not required for Property Submissions.)

• Sign the submission package, scan and save it, using the submission ID, as a PDF file on a computer.
• From the APPS Home page select Upload Signed 2530 Submission Package from the Submission Processing drop down list and click the Go button.
• Click the Browse button next to Submission ID and select the submission package file from its saved location on your computer. Click the Upload button.
• File Upload Successful message will display.

• Added a Name column between Signature and Date on the signature page to enter the name of the person who signs.
• Removed the check box beside each participant name on the signature page as this has no significance. Added a check box Attach proof of signature authority to the signature page.
• Added a check box All principal who have not signed have the same previous participation record to the signature page for the applicant to check if this stipulation applies.

• Does the on-site staff have authority to accept the proposed, scheduled date, or does this request need to go to the property manager or owner? Please make sure your staff understand your protocol.
   
• Do you have any major rehabilitation going on at the project? You may want to contact your HUD Project Manager to ensure that any inspection is scheduled after the rehabilitation completion date.
   
• Are you prepared for the inspection? Check out our tips page to be prepared.

1. Account S3600-015 was added to appendixes E and appendix F.
2. Account S3600-020 was renamed from Reportable Conditions Indicator to Significant Deficiencies.
3. The Editing and Business rules for account 5120 were changed.
4. The account definition/reporting reference for accounts 5300 and 6900 was changed.

• Seattle Multifamily Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) (www.seattle.gov/housing/development/MultifamilyNOFA.htm) Nonprofit and private developers are invited to propose projects for acquisition, rehabilitation, and/or new construction of affordable rental housing for low-income households. Approximately $17 million in City funds is available for the 2012 NOFA round. Applications due September 7, 2012.
• King County Homeless Housing Funder Group Funding Availability (www.seattle.gov/housing/development/NOFA2012/2012_combined_NOFA.pdf) Combined funding of approximately $43 million from 7 public and private funders announced for housing with supportive services to address homelessness throughout King County and intended to provide streamlined application processes, reviews and awards to expedite providers' ability to implement projects and house homeless. Check the NOFA for the deadline for each of these 7 funding opportunities.

1. Framing: Optimum Value Engineering (OVE)
2. Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs)
3. Spray Foam Insulation
4. Structural Insulated Panels (SIP)
5. Aerosol Duct Sealing
6. Install HVAC & Ductwork in Conditioned Space
7. Customized HVAC Sizing
8. Programmable Thermostats
9. Air admittance valves (AAVs)
10. Polyethylene plastic piping (PEX)

1. Furnaces & Boilers
   Most properties are heated with either furnaces or boilers. Furnaces heat air and distribute the heated air through the house using ducts; boilers heat water, providing either hot water or steam for heating. Steam is distributed via pipes to seam radiators, and hot water can be distributed via baseboard radiators or radiant floor systems, or can heat using a coil. Steam boilers operate at a higher temperature than hot water boilers and are inherently less efficient, but high efficiency versions of all types of furnaces and boilers are currently available. A central furnace or boiler's efficiency is measured by annual fuel utilization efficiency. The Federal Trade Commission requires new furnaces or boilers to display their Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) so consumers can compare heating efficiencies of various models. AFUE is a measure of how energy efficient the appliance is with its fuel over the course of a typical year. Specifically, the AFUE is the ration of heat output of the furnace or boiler compared to the total energy consumed by a furnace or boiler. An AFUE of 90% means that 90% of the energy in the fuel becomes heat for the residence and the other 10% escapes up the chimney or elsewhere. AFUE does not include the heat losses of the duct system or piping, which can be as much as 35% when ducts are located in an attic. An all-electric furnace or boiler has no flue loss through a chimney. The AGUE rating for an all-electric furnace or boiler is between 95-100%. The lower values are for units installed outdoors because they have greater jacket heat loss. However, despite their high efficiency, the higher cost of electricity in most parts of the country makes all-electric furnaces (except heat pumps) or boilers an uneconomic choice. The minimum allowed AFUE rating for a non-condensing fossil-fueled warm-air furnace is 78%; the minimum for a fossil-fueled boiler is 80%; and the minimum for a gas-fueled steam boiler is 75%. A condensing furnace or boiler condenses the water vapor produced in the combustion process and uses the heat from this condensation. The AFUE rating for a condensing unit can be more than 10% higher than a non-condensing furnace. Although they cost more, they can save money over their 15-20 year life, especially in cold climates.
   
   
2. Boiler Run-Times
   Many boilers in buildings run on clocks. For example, if it is 10 AM and 30º outside, the boiler is on. If it is 3 PM and 54º outside, the boiler is still on- and it's probably 80º inside, forcing tenants to open windows and waste energy. The best way to insure that a building's boiler is running at peak operating efficiency is to control burner run-time. This can be accomplished by the use of an energy management system (EMS). EMSs, equipped with thermostats, can regulate boiler runtime based on indoor temperature. They can also cut off a burner if run-times exceed calculated norms, track stack temperatures, monitor mixing valve temperatures, identify pressure imbalances, and serve as a comparison tool with other buildings. The use of advanced technology, such as ECMs, should be carefully considered when project owners are exploring ways to make their buildings more energy efficient.

This is the 12th of our continuing series of energy savings tips. HUD continues to encourage owners, agents, and developers of HUD/FHA insured and/or subsidized multifamily apartments to be energy efficient and to incorporate green construction techniques whenever possible. While some of these improvements and upgrades may entail more upfront cost, most will pay for themselves in relatively short order, and therefore make not only good common sense, but good financial sense!

If you have a helpful energy savings tip, or a good story to tell about energy or green upgrades at your HUD/FHA insured or subsidized property in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, or Washington, we would like to hear from you and share your story, ideas, or tips on this regional listserv. We encourage your participation and hope that other owners and managers might benefit from your experience. If you do choose to help out, try to keep your ideas to no more than 2-3 paragraphs. Some details about costs, actual savings, noticeable decreases in utility bills, would be ideal, but we'd also welcome just hearing about the sorts of improvements you are making, and especially if there is something particularly unique or innovative about your efforts that might directly benefit other owners and agents on our list. Please send your tips or a stories to our listserv moderator, Kristine Martin (kristine.martin@hud.gov). We look forward to hearing from you!

1. Light-Colored Roofs
   Light colored roofs can save a property owner money because they reflect heat, thereby reducing a building's energy needs.
   Also, light-colored shingled roofs need less repairs and less frequent replacements because the heat absorbed by dark roofs makes shingles expand- and ultimately break.
   
   
2. Green Roofs
   A trend in the United States is green roofs. Green roofs have been fairly common in Europe, especially Germany, for years. The idea is to cover roofs with 3-6" of soil and create a "meadow" of native plants and grasses. The soil and plants act like a sponge to absorb rainwater, create insulation, and protect the roof. In urban Europe, where asphalt covers much of the land, green roofs help to reduce the amount of water runoff that enters storm drains and, eventually, rivers. Most green roofs in the U.S. are on newer commercial or public buildings. However, many older buildings, especially ones constructed with brick in the 1920s, can be retrofitted. The key is that the roof must be able to support 13 lbs. per sq. foot.
   
   
3. Energy-Efficient Roofs
   The level of insulation applied and a roof's surface reflectivity, greatly impacts heat loss or gain. According to Energy Star®, roof products that reflect the sun's ultraviolet rays can decrease the amount of air-conditioning needed in buildings and peak cooling demand by 15%. Short tem solutions can be paints and coatings that turn dark roofs white to longterm waterproofing solutions such as highly reflective white or light-colored single-ply vinyl membranes and "green" (planted) roofs. White PVC Single-Ply roofs, know as "cool roofing," can generate tremendous energy savings for a building. These savings can make a big difference in the cost of a 20-year roof. In the July 2006 issue of Buildings, a White PVC Single-Ply 50,000 sq. ft. roof was judged to be $104,750 cheaper than a Combined Black EPDM and asphalt built -up system (BUR) over its 20-year life, despite being slightly more expensive to install. This is rimarily due to $84,000 in energy savings. Other savings are as follows: $12,500 tear-off/disposal cost, $3,500 maintenance and $7,750 repairs. A good resource to compare roof systems is the Cool Roof Rating Council at: www.coolroofs.org
   
   
4. White vs. Black Roofs
   In the December 2009 issue of Buildings, the benefits of white vs. black roofing membranes roofs were discussed. The choice, however, is a complicated one that requires much research. Their conclusions were as follows:
   • Select the most durable roofing membrane that you can afford.
   • Use membranes with higher solar reflectance and emittance in hot, sunny climates.
   • Use membranes with high solar reflectance and emittance on air-conditioned buildings in all climates as long as durability is not compromised and there is no significant energy consumption penalty.
   • For most roofing assemblies, use a white ENERGY STAT/CRRC membrane with a high aged solar reflectance (above 0.70) and an initial emissivity (0.80) from the durable membrane based on climate.
   • Consider built-up, ENERGY STAR/CRRC alternatives to thermoplastic membranes in extreme southern climates.
   • Use black built-up and EPDM membranes where heat island issues are limited on buildings without air conditioning and where there is a significant energy penalty for a white membrane, or where ballast or other green roofing solutions provide similar performance to a white roof.

If you have a helpful energy savings tip, or a good story to tell about energy or green upgrades at your HUD/FHA insured or subsidized property in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, or Washington, we would like to hear from you and share your story, ideas, or tips on this regional listserv. We encourage your participation and hope that other owners and managers might benefit from your experience. If you do choose to help out, try to keep your ideas to no more than 2-3 paragraphs. Some details about costs, actual savings, noticeable decreases in utility bills, would be ideal, but we'd also welcome just hearing about the sorts of improvements you are making, and especially if there is something particularly unique or innovative about your efforts that might directly benefit other owners and agents on our list. Please send your tips or a stories to our listserv moderator, Kristine Martin (kristine.martin@hud.gov). We look forward to hearing from you!

1. Energy Saving Ideas
   As part of its "Smart Energy Campaign," the U.S. Department of Energy web site, www.energysavers.gov includes Rehab Advisor, designed to help improve energy efficiency in existing residences during renovation and remodeling, providing recommendations for cost-effectively increasing the energy efficiency of a typical renovation project in single-family or multifamily housing. These recommendations are based on the building type, location, and specific project (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/software.cfm/
   ID=437/pagename_menu=united_states/contacts_landing.cfm) and they are free.
    
2. Utility Expenses
   Utility expenses have increased dramatically. To help mitigate the impact on your property, you should take the following actions:
   1. Energy Plan. Conduct an energy conservation plan for your property. Make sure that your property is weather insulated to avoid "energy loss."
   2. Utility Allowance. Make sure that the amount of allowance is still accurate. Determine if an increase in the dollar amount is necessary. Please refer to Chapter 7 of HUD Handbook 4350.01 Rev-1 for information regarding utility allowance increases.
   3. Utility Company Coordination. You may contact your utility company for programs relating to energy conservation, payment plans and/or grants. If possible, make larger monthly (higher amount than your regular bill) payments to cover anticipated higher bills for winter months.
   4. Budget Review. Identify the source of money in your budget that you can use to cover the anticipated higher energy bill.
   5. Budget Rent Increase/Reserve & Residual Accounts. For properties that may require special budget increases or disbursement of funds from the Reserve or Surplus Accounts, please contact your assigned HUD Project Manager to discuss these options.
   6. Accounts. For properties that may require special budget increases or disbursement of funds from the Reserve or Surplus Accounts, please contact your assigned HUD Project Manager to discuss these options.
   
   
3. Sub-metering
   Utility costs in most apartment buildings are tracked by master meters where costs are passed on to residents through fees, pro-rated according to unit size. The best way to encourage conservation is to sub-meter units. Installing sub-meters in master-metered buildings usually results in an immediate drop in electrical consumption of about 18%, as residents become motivated to turn lights off to save on their bill. Sub-metering also acts as a catalyst for residents to install such conservation measures as compact fluorescent bulbs or energy-conserving appliances (if such equipment is not supplied in rental and owner-occupied units). Such strategies can bring the total reduction in load into the 30-40% range. The problem, of course, is balancing the cost of sub-metering with the savings. Costs of $800 per unit for metering equipment and installation are typical, and usually have long pay-back periods. However, there are two solutions. The first is to explore possible rebates from your local utilities as well as state and local conservation programs. The second strategy is to install wireless sub-metering radio-frequency technology where a private service would read the meter (without coming onto the property), bill, collect payments and report disbursements to the property owner or management agent. Remember -- HUD approval is required before sub-metering.

1. Energy-Saving Appliance Tips
   • Ranges/Ovens
     • Self-cleaning ovens have more insulation and use less energy. A clean oven is more efficient.
     • If you are cooking a small quantity, consider using the microwave, toaster oven or slow cooker.
     • Preheat only for baking.
     • When possible, use the broiler. It requires less energy.
     • Keep burners and reflectors clean.
     • Use the oven window to check food instead of open­ing the door.
     • Use covered pans to boil water; match pan and burner sizes.
     • On a natural gas appliance, look for blue flames; yellow means gas is not burning efficiently.
   • Dishwasher
     • Wash only full loads. Each wash uses the same amount of energy whether it's full or not.
     • Use the short cycle or economy mode when possible.
     • Scrape, don't rinse large pieces of food from dishes. Soaking or pre-washing is usually only necessary for burned or dried-on foods.
     • If there's an energy-saving switch that turns off the heating element during the dry cycle, use it, or open the dishwasher and let the dishes air dry.
   
   
2. WaterSense
   WaterSense is an EPA-sponsored partnership program to protect the future of our nation's water supply by promoting water-efficient products and services. Like the Energy Star label, the WaterSense label makes it easy for consumers to find and select products that save water while performing as well or better than conventional products. The label can be found on the following products: toilets, bathroom sink faucets and accessories, urinals, showerheads, pre-rinse spray valves, and weather-based irrigation controllers. Generally, these products will perform as well or better than their less efficient counterparts, be about 20% more water-efficient than average products in that category, realize water savings on a national level, provide measurable water saving results, achieve water efficiency through several technology options, be effectively differentiated by the WaterSense label, and be independently identified. Companies that use the label must sign a Wa­terSense partnership agreement. A list of WaterSense partners who provide design, installation, maintenance, and auditing services can be found at meet our partners (www.epa.gov/watersense/meet_our_partners.html) and water budget (www.epa.gov/watersense/water_budget/).

• Organize a Tenant Education Meeting
  Prior to developing a scope of work, meet with tenants to discuss expectations and concerns regarding the retrofit process. Where possible, use existing tenant organizations to promote this event. When there is no tenant organization, try to build on any relationships with tenants that you have. Promote this event as a practical discussion regarding construction work that will be happening in the building. Keep in mind that tenant education is very building-specific and community-specific.
   
• Discuss Utility Use Patterns with Residents
  Reach out to tenants and show utility use with graphs generated from an energy management tool, comparing their actual use with a standard. A visual representation makes a more persuasive statement, and will help to prioritize conservation efforts. Explain basic steps such as turning off computers at night, using fans rather than air conditioning when possible, operating thermostatic controls, removing window air conditioner units in the winter (plan ahead for storage, and provide insulating covers), and buying Energy Star products. Link these measures with a sense of empowerment and the ability to be wise with one's own finances, taking advantage of opportunities that most people miss.
   
• Ensure Tenants Have Operational Knowledge
  After the retrofit work is completed, provide tenants with written materials on the correct usage, maintenance, and replacement of the new features. These materials, as well as all manuals for equipment controlled by tenants, should be compiled in one binder. Also schedule a walk-through of the residence in order to ensure understanding and answer any questions. Connect this operational knowledge with the conservation of resources that it is intended to advance.
   
• Promote Green Cleaning
  Explain the importance to family health of avoiding the introduction of high Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) products into the home, and encourage tenants to use products certified by the Environmental Choice or Green Seal programs. These products are now a widely available choice.
   
• Introduce Tenants to the Recycling Program
  Make the impact of recycling "real" by putting it in easily comprehensible terms - such as "the energy from recycling a glass jar saves enough energy to power a computer for 25 minutes." Share with tenants the actual amount of CO2 emissions saved. Where applicable, link the program with benefits to the community through improvements in air quality resulting from the reduction in waste transfer stations and incinerators.

1.  Are you haunted by "Phantom Load"?

Phantom load is the small, but not insignificant amount of energy that some appliances-including televisions, clocks, rechargeable razors, cell phones, digital cameras, power tools, computer moniors, printers, microwave ovens, etc, are sipping away 24 hours a day when they are turned off. You can take some simple steps to deduce the financial and environmental impact from these "vampire" applicances. Unplugging devices is the simplest way to solve the problem. Plugging a couple of your devices into a power strip with an on/off switch is often the only way to avoid this waste of power. This simple change can save money on electric bills by eliminating phantom load energy drain that accounts for 5% to 15% of a home's electricity bill. Also, carbon emissions will be reduced. Although the power needed for functions like displays, indicators, and remote control receivers is the only in the milliwatt range, power supplies that are used to covert the line voltage to the low voltage needed to perform the functions typically operate at very low efficiency when they are operating at low power.

Finding phantom loads is not always easy. "Gas" stoves that use an electric clock constitute a phantom load. Recommended methods for finding phantom loads include turning off all lights at night and looking for any LEDs or phantom load. "Instant on" features are often an indicator of phantom load.

2.  Links for federal government help with energy conservation:

http://www.energystar.gov/
http://www.nationalfuelfunds.org/GettingEnergyAssistance/index.html
http://www.energysavers.gov/
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/microsites/energysavings/index.html
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/liheap/
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wip/wap.html

• Supplemental Information to Application for Assistance Regarding Identification of Family Member, Friend or Other Persons or Organization Supportive of a Tenant for Occupancy in HUD Assisted Housing, Housing Notice 12-09
• Guidelines for Assumption, Subordination, or Assignment of Mark-to-Market (M2M) Loans in Transfer of Physical Assets (TPA) and Refinance Transactions, Housing Notice 12-10

This is the seventh of our continuing series of energy savings tips. HUD continues to encourage owners, agents, and developers of HUD/FHA insured and/or subsidized multifamily apartments to be energy efficient and to incorporate green construction techniques whenever possible. While some of these improvements and upgrades may entail more upfront cost, most will pay for themselves in relatively short order, and therefore make not only good common sense, but good financial sense!

If you have a helpful energy savings tip, or a good story to tell about energy or green upgrades at your HUD/FHA insured or subsidized property in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, or Washington, we would like to hear from you and share your story, ideas, or tips on this regional listserv. We encourage your participation and hope that other owners and managers might benefit from your experience. If you do choose to help out, try to keep your ideas to no more than 2-3 paragraphs. Some details about costs, actual savings, noticeable decreases in utility bills, would be ideal, but we'd also welcome just hearing about the sorts of improvements you are making, and especially if there is something particularly unique or innovative about your efforts that might directly benefit other owners and agents on our list. Please send your tips or a stories to our listserv moderator, Kristine Martin (kristine.martin@hud.gov),We look forward to hearing from you!

More Cooling systems hints before the summer heat:

1. HVAC Cleaning
   HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) cleaning can improve a building's indoor air quality and increase efficiency up to 30%. This work should be done every 2-5 years, depending on the conditions that decrease the system's airflow (e.g., pollen, dust, renovation work, and nearby construction).
   
   Here are a few cleaning guidelines:
   • The technician should follow National Air Duct Cleaners Association, (NADCA (www.nadca.com/)) standards.
   • Debris should be loosened using brushes, air whips, or compressed air.
     Loose debris should be collected using a negative-pressure vacuum cleaner to avoid spreading the contaminants.
   • Service openings that were used during the cleaning process must be professional sealed.
   • After the ductwork has been cleaned, the technician should inspect the blower, blower motor, air conditioning coils,and external surfaces to insure that they are clean and functioning properly.
     
     
2. HVAC Audits
   Routine audits of a building's heating, ventilation, and air condition systems (HVAC) should be done annually and basic checks should be performed quarterly. Such audits and checks can result in energy savings by:
   • Adding variable speed drives to chillers.
   • Right-sizing fans.
   • Adjusting/upgrading controls (i.e., changing cycles).
   • Optimizing ventilation.
   • Replacing worn motors, leaking valves, inefficient compressors, ineffective heat exchangers,and inefficiencies in the fuel/energy process.
     
     Such audits, in smaller buildings, can be performed by project maintenance staff.
     In summary, owners should audit what they can, as part of a consistent, practical, and cost-effective program.
     
     
3. Repair or Replace Air Conditioner System?
   When is it time to repair or replace your existing air conditioning system? When heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are newer, performing simple repairs is usually more cost effective and will often prolong the life of the system. Conversely, older systems may experience more complicated problems in which repairs are possible but may not be the best choice in the long run. To decide, you should compare the cost of repairs versus the cost of replacement.
   
   Experts suggest the following things to examine when it comes to your HVAC unit:
   • Consider energy costs. Today's air-conditioning systems are up to 60% more energy efficient than systems manufactured 10 years ago (up to 15+ SEER).
   • The nature of the repair. Repairs that require re­placement of system components may result in an unmatched system, which can decrease system efficiency, compromise comfort, and shorten the compressor life span.
   • If repairs to an immediate problem will not address ongoing comfort issues, such as cold spots, drafts, humidity, or air-quality concerns, these are good indicators that it is time for a new system.

1. Heating systems should be serviced periodically by qualified contractors to insure that they operate in peak condition.
   A "check-up" should include:
   • Inspection of the furnace vent system.
   • Removal of any leaves, nests, or other obstructions from inside the chimney.
   • Monthly replacement or cleaning of the air filter.
   • Lubrication of the blower motor.
   • Replacement of blower belts, if needed.
   • Cleaning of pilots and burner chamber.
   • Removal of dust and lint from furnace vents, registers, and baseboard heaters.
   • Cleaning and adjusting of thermostats. One way to reduce energy costs in high-rise buildings is to install high efficiency electric motors for chillers (e.g., an upgrade of an 800 ton chiller, from 0.7kW/ton to 0.5kW/ton will reduce demand by 160kW, a 27% savings), and fan and pump motors (e.g., replacement of smaller motors can improve efficiency up to 15%).
   
   
2. HVAC Preventative Maintenance
   A Preventative Maintenance Agreement (PMA), purchased through a reputable, licensed, and insured HVAC contractor, can extend the life of your heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system and save you money. With a PMA, usually offered for a yearly fee, a technician will come to your property twice a year to test and inspect your HVAC system before any minor issues (e,g., refrigerant leaks, soot, rust, corroded electrical contacts, etc.) turn into major problems. Another all-inclusive option is a lifetime PMA that in­cludes the cost of all maintenance, repairs, components, emergency service, and equipment service.
   
    
3. Hybrid HVAC Systems
   With energy costs on the rise, property owners are looking for ways to save money on their heating and air conditioning bills without sacrificing comfort. One option is to install a hybrid comfort system. This dual-fuel system allows property owners to switch between two heating technologies to provide the most comfortable indoor air and the chance to save money on cold weather utility bills. During mild days, an electric heat pump can be used as the primary heat source, and on the coldest days, when outdoor temperatures drop to a point where the heat pump is no longer efficient, a high-efficiency gas furnace, instead of an electric resistance heater, provides supplemental heat. This hybrid system helps insure comfortable indoor temperatures while balancing the utility load between electricity and natural gas. By taking advantage of the most economical source of heat based on weather patterns, a savings up to 40% can be realized on utility bills. Also, the heat pump can provide high-efficiency air conditioning during hot weather. Additional savings can be obtained through utility incentives offered by power suppliers and federal tax credits.

1. Tip for Efficient Laundries
   To save on energy costs for central laundries, you should consider installing card-operated appliances so that your operator can set a higher vender price for hot-water washes and a lower price for cold-water washes.
    
2. Dryers
   The American Gas Association (A.G.A.) has stated that gas dryers are a customer's best buy because of the energy value of natural gas and the latest high efficiency technology, such as pilotless ignition, automatic shutoffs, sensor controls, de-wrinkling cycles, and automatic cool-down cycles. You can dry two loads of laundry for the money that it takes to dry one load in an electric dryer. Gas dryers also require little upkeep. The only things to keep in mind are to clean the lint screen regularly and to make sure that the exhaust is properly vented to the outside. Consumers should look for the Blue Star Design Certificate seal or another form certification from a nationally recognized testing agency. Learn more (www.aga.org/Kc/aboutnaturalgas/consumerinfo/Pages/TwoLoadsofLaundry.aspx).
    
3. Common Laundry Rooms
   An often overlooked area of savings is the laundry room. Having an energy-efficient common laundry room is a sound strategy. Studies have shown that in-unit washing machines use 3 x more water than common area machines. In-unit machines tend to drain more water and electricity resources because tenants are more likely to do smaller, more frequent wash loads - resulting in soaring utility bills. In an effort to cut energy costs, some apartment owners have chosen to place all of their project's washers and dryers in a centralized laundry room instead of multiple buildings. According to the Multihousing Laundry Association, centralized laundries can save up to 300% in energy costs compared to individual hookups. In addition, they can save at least 50% in development costs. Because all of the plumbing and drains are in one room, a significant energy savings can be realized since all of the heating generated is in one place as opposed to 10 individual rooms, for example. Centralized laundries also encourage tenants to do full loads, rather than partial loads in their own units. Another feature is the use of "smart cards" which are purchased by tenants at a card-servicing center (usually in a safe, high-traffic area). These cards eliminate the need for cash when using washers and dryers which makes it safer for tenants. Approximately 20% of all centralized laundries are now making use of smart cards.
    
4. Energy Saving Washers
   Horizontal-axis washers, long popular in Europe, use 50% less energy than standard top-loading washers, due to reduced hot water consumption. They also use 40% less water (20-25 gal. per fill instead of 40 gal.), cause less wear and tear on clothes, and can accommodate larger loads.

• New #ENERGYSTAR campaign launches today!
  Get on the map, take a Pledge, join Team ENERGY STAR (www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=globalwarming.showPledgeHome)
  
  
• Look for energy efficiency events on the ENERGY STARs Across America Map (www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=globalwarming.showStory) - Share your story!
  
  
• Young people, Join Team ENERGYSTAR! Share how you've saved energy online (www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=kids.kids_index) & get Lorax inspired goodies!
  
  
• Take the #ENERGYSTAR Pledge! (www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=globalwarming.showPledge)
  Join the 2.8 million Americans taking action to protect the climate.
  
  
• Energy Star Lighting
  Not all energy–efficient lighting is created equal. Project owners and managers should consult with vendors who have a lot of experience with energy-efficient lighting and understand what separates the good from the less-than-average products. They should also ask to see a vendor's complete selection and ask tough questions about color rendering, life-span, durability, efficacy, starting, and independent laboratory verification of the product's efficiency and performance.

1. Leave it On or Turn it Off?
   A "Mythbusters" episode on the Discovery Channel dispelled the myth that it is more energy efficient to leave lights on when a person is away from an area, even if only briefly. Just how brief is brief in terms of making savings sense? One of the tests calculated the start-up energy that is used to activate a bulb; when compared to the energy used in leaving a bulb on, it was determined that a person would have to be out of a room less than .01 seconds for a CFL bulb, .36 seconds for an incandescent bulb, and 23 seconds for a fluorescent bulb to make turning off the lights the more cost efficient choice. So when you leave a room it just about always makes sense to turn off those lights!
    
2. Replace Incandescent Bulbs with CFLs Compact Fluorescent Lamps can both save energy and reduce a property's maintenance burden. They are designed to screw into existing sockets to replace incandescent bulbs. Their higher cost is offset by the fact that they use up to 75% less electricity for the same lighting output, and last 6 to 15 times as long, which saves money on both replacement bulbs and labor. Outdoor fixtures may require special bulbs.
   Applicability: All housing types. Payback fastest in areas with high electricity costs. Payback: As little as 3 months.
    
3. Replace Incandescent Exit Signs with LEDs
   Because exit signs are always on, they represent an opportunity for saving much energy. New exit signs with Light Emitting Diode (LED) illumination use a fraction of the energy, and last many times longer than incandescent signs.
   Applicability: Multifamily housing. Payback fastest in areas with high electricity costs. Payback: Less than 1 year to 4 years.
    
4. Replace T12 Bulbs With T8s
   Older fluorescent fixtures still have larger, 40-watt "T12" lamps, which can be replaced by thinner, 32-watt "T8" bulbs for energy savings. The existing fixture will require some rewiring and upgraded parts to accept a T8 lamp. In areas with high electricity costs, savings will equal about $4-5 per year per lamp. Newer "Super T8" bulbs, T5 bulbs, and LED-strip lights are yet more efficient options.
   Applicability: Multifamily housing. Payback: fastest in areas with high electricity costs.
    
5. Use Low-Mercury Lamps
   All fluorescent lamps contain a small amount of mercury. Some manufacturers, however, offer products with significantly lower amounts. This information is not always disclosed by vendors so you may have to go to the source to get the information. When disposing of old lamps, take them to a hazardous household waste disposal center and avoid breaking them. If they are temporarily stored, make sure that they are stored in a contained area so that if they break, the mercury will not be washed away with rainwater.
    
6. Equip Lights with Sensors
   Occupancy sensors can generate savings of 20-60% where installed? Ideal for building common areas, the sensors will switch lights on only when the space is being used. Outdoor lights can be connected to daylight sensors, rather than timers, ensuring that they remain extinguished while the sun shines. Make sure the lenses of outdoor sensors are cleaned according to manufacturer's recommendations.
   Applicability: Multifamily housing. Payback fastest in areas with high electricity costs.

1. Fluorescent Bulbs
   Fluorescent bulbs have long been a popular choice among apartment managers as a way to save on electricity costs. They produce four times the lumens for an equivalent amount of watts. However, one of the disadvantages of fluorescents has always been the harsh light that they emit. Now, several manufacturers, such as Philips and GE, have come out with a new line of "soft-tone" bulbs. Although the bulbs eliminate the stark white light of standard fluorescent, they are much more expensive (e.g., instead of $2 for a 48" fluorescent tube, prices range from $4-$25). Manufacturers state that although the new bulbs are more expensive than incandescent bulbs, they still have the energy savings of standard fluorescents (e.g., a 28 watt soft-white fluorescent can save $100 in energy costs over its life (10,000 hours) compared to incandescent bulbs.
    
2. High Efficiency Lighting
   Projects can save an additional 3-6% in energy costs using high efficiency electronic ballasts. When they are used with newer T8 lamps, you could save up to 11%. In order to achieve this savings, you should install ballasts with light output factors of .78 (for converting a 34 watt T12 lamp to a T8), and .88 (for new construction). You can save even more by using occupancy sensors to reduce or turn off the lights when rooms are not in use.
    
3. Energy Star Lighting
   By now, everyone knows the advantages of energy star products and lighting. However, did you know that not all energy–efficient lighting is created equal? Project owners and managers should consult with vendors who have a lot of experience with energy-efficient lighting and understand what separates the good from the less-than-average products. They should also ask to see a vendor's complete selection and ask tough questions about color rendering, life-span, durability, efficacy, starting, and independent laboratory verification of the product's efficiency and performance.
    
4. Florescent Dimming Systems
   It is a widely known fact that florescent bulbs are cheaper to operate than incandescent bulbs. This type of lighting, how­ever, can be made even more energy-efficient by adding dimmers. When used correctly experts estimate that a lighting system can reduce lighting energy consumption by 50% in existing buildings and at least 30% in new construction. Dimming systems can reduce utility costs through "daylight harvesting," demand reduction, scheduled dimming, and other strategies. Simply stated, users select light levels based on their needs. The essential part of every linear florescent and compact florescent system is the electronic ballast. The ballast provides the starting voltage to ignite the lamp and regulate the current flowing through the lamp after startup. To achieve dimming, the ballast is designed so that it can receive a control signal from a dimmer as an input and adjust the current flowing through the lamp as output. This results in the dimming effect. Primary dimming methods include analog, which is the most popular, and digital, which is still emerging. Learn more (http://lightingcontrolsassociation.org/).
    
5. Recycling CFLs
   Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and with other energy-efficient lighting such as linear fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps contain a very small amount of mercury, an element essential to achieving energy savings. While these lamps help consumers and businesses cut their lighting energy usage and reduce energy costs, it is important that any product containing mercury be properly managed when it becomes waste to protect public health and the environment. Easy and convenient options exist for both businesses and consumers to recycle waste mercury-containing lamps. It is estimated that businesses already recycle over 30% of their waste lamps annually and consumers are embracing lamp recycling as they switch to more efficient lighting technologies. Learn about the safe way to recycle energy efficient lighting (www.lamprecycle.org).
    
6. Outdoor Lighting
   A great energy saver is the replacement of HID (metal halide) parking lot lighting with LED (light-emitting diode) units. While, two LED fixtures are required to replace one HID fixture, such conversions can reduce parking lot wattage from 1,000 watts per fixture to 190 watts- an 81% decrease in wattage. This energy saving measure is not restricted just to parking lots. Such retrofitting can also be done to exterior entrance lighting and sidewalk lighting.

• Leaving electronics and appliances turned off or in "sleep mode." (Shutting off one computer/monitor can save $80/year).
• Dirty HVAC filters. (Cleaning/replacing one filter can save $5/month).
• Dripping faucets. (Fixing one faucet can save $30- $120/year).
• Dirty windows and skylights that block sunlight.
• Not optimizing equipment start-up time and sequencing (i.e., not spacing the start-up of equipment 30 minutes apart during peak demand hours).
• Thermostats mounted in the wrong locations (i.e., exposed to sunlight, drafts, vents, pedestrian traffic, etc.).
• Exhaust fans that constantly run.
• Blocked air flow from vents and grills being covered up.
• Incandescent exit signs instead of LEDs. (LEDs can save $24 per yr. for one sign).